At the Moscow Institute of epidemiology and microbiology. G.n. Gabricheskogo.
At the Moscow State University of food production.
For
almost the entire existence of human civilization food, mostly, was
seen as a means to address feelings of hunger, appetite and taste
requirements.
In
recent decades, due to the increase in the number of chronic diseases
and their causal connection with an unbalanced diet, food ingredients
are treated and as an effective means of maintaining physical and mental
health and reduce the risk of many diseases.
Indeed,
epidemiological observations have shown that residents of countries
that have adopted the so-called Western lifestyle, the incidence of
cardiovascular disease has risen in 8-12 times, endocrine violations 5
times compared with those who kept the old way of life.
Among
ethnic populations, continued to maintain their traditional way of
life, there are virtually no autoimmune and allergic diseases, much less
mentioned diabetes, Kidney stone and gallstone disease, obesity,
arterial hypertension and other "diseases of civilization".
One
of the pioneers in offering food and their individual components as
pharmaceuticals, a twice Nobel Prize winner Linus Pauling, obosnovavšij
in 60-80gg. last century the theory and practice
of "orthomolecular medicine", according to which physical illness and
mental illness can be cured without using drugs, but through careful
selection and application of optimal amounts of macro-and micronutrients
(i.e., vitamins) or substances of endogenous origin (e.g. insulin).
In
our country in these years an active promoter of the pharmacological
effects of foods served as Director of the Institute of nutrition,
academician a.a. Pokrovsky. Authoritative opinion
of l. Pauling, other leading researchers and clinicians to avoid
dietary supplements promoted worldwide search and identification of
those foods and specific nutrients that have beneficial effects on the
human body.
As
a result, by the beginning of the 80-IES has developed and displayed on
the world market, a huge amount of biologically active supplements
(dietary supplements), containing a variety of physiologically active
nutrients or groups of them. Only on the Russian
market at present is around 6-8 thousand titles of nutritional
supplements, of which slightly more than four thousand have state
registration.
But
the great success reached mankind in the creation and production of
artificial dietary supplements, the more it has to consume natural
foods, or at least on the organoleptic properties, the reminiscent of
such.
And just as
20-30 years ago, many pharmaceutical companies and food companies in
the world began production of dietary supplements, in the mid 90-ies
they began to specialize in the manufacture of inner physiological
active ingredients for their increasing number of own and other food
businesses, increasing production of traditional food products with
added functional characteristics (functional foods-FRR).
The
concept of "Functional food" as an independent scientific-applied
direction in the field of healthy nutrition in contemporary terminology
term developed in the early 90-ies. From the
modern perspective, the term "functional foods" are foods that are
designed for the systematic use of food rations all age groups of
healthy population in order to reduce the risk of nutrition-related
diseases, maintaining and improving health due to the presence of
physiologically functional food ingredients [
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