What is a business?

1. To say that the fourth factor of production.
2. Identify the key issues facing entrepreneurs.
3. Talk about ways of organizing firms.
4. Describe the procedure for registration of a company.
5. Explain what the "economy of scale".
6. Define the concept of "income", "cost", "profit", "turnover."

1. The fourth factor of production:

Enterprise
In Chapter 1, we considered three main factors of production: natural, human and production resources. What drives them? What makes the work such a large and complex organism, as a market economy?
These are the people we are. Among the skills that we use in the case, there are: common sense and the ability to take risks, the ability to manage and use their facilities for a particular purpose. The sum of these abilities is called enterprise, and can rightly be regarded as the fourth factor, the driving force of production.
Of course, not all of us have these qualities. Some people like to have their life was going to once and for all established pattern and do not want to change anything, other irksome responsibility, others tend to perform and obey, and not to manage. Such people, perhaps the majority. Those who have the above skills, and not only has, but also put them into practice, are called entrepreneurs. Finally, the involvement of entrepreneurs in any sector of the economy in general in every sphere of human life is called enterprise or business. (In our country, more common is the first name. We are going to use both.)

Risk
Activities of entrepreneurs are always an adventure. Of course, there is a risk, in the life of any person. We run the risk of getting the flu, appearing in the midst of the epidemic in public. Crossing the street, we run the risk of getting run over. But what is the risk in the economy?
To explain this, it is necessary to define the concept of "cost" and "profit." They will now need us constantly throughout the book. Costs - this means that we put into the case.
Suppose you decide to open a cafe. You need the tools to:
rent, buy or build a room;
purchase all the necessary equipment, furniture, food, drinks, utensils, napkins, etc.;
hire employees: bartender, cooks, waiters, cleaners;
promote your institution.
The money that will be used for this purpose, and will be your cost.



Now the cafe is open and starts to bring you income - money that visitors will pay for your services. At some point, the amount you received income equal to the cost that you have done, and then there will be more. At this point your cafe begins to make a profit.
 The difference between income and expenses is called a profit, of course, only if it is positive. If this difference is negative, it is called a loss (see 3.1).
It is the desire to profit forces the entrepreneur to take risks. He invests in the hope to return more than the cost, and wins or loses.
2. What is a business and how does it occur?

Firm
Large factory, which has branches in many countries around the world, and a small laundry room, where he works only a few people, a bank, an advertising agency, studio and network of food - in business
they are all called the same word - Company Registration firm. A firm may consist of one person or a few people, and serve residents of a small district or city. At the same time, in today's economy there are firms that produce more than an entire country, even in such a developed, such as Denmark or the Netherlands.
When and in what circumstances an individual entrepreneur or a group of entrepreneurs become firm?
Suppose you decide to earn extra money at home and bake cakes and waffles, or sew the family clothes and backpacks, or winter break new ground and track vokrugsvoego liboshko home-ly. Does this mean that you can call yourself a company for the production of pies, sewing or cleaning the streets?
In our country, instead of the word "company * often use the term" owned enterprises, "and this is not only a plant or factory. Now be called a company operating in agriculture, medicine, transportation and advertising.
In order to separate the entrepreneur or his family, and in general, any number of people who decided to start with some work, were firm, they should register it according to the laws and regulations that apply in the country. In different countries, the rules are not very different from each other. In order to register, the future of the firm must submit a Statement following information and documents:
♦ The names of the founders, that is, the creators and the future owners of the company.
♦ Name and address of the future company.
♦ The document defining the relationship between the future of the company and the community.
♦ The document defining the relationship between the founders of the firm.
Who makes the decision on registration (or refusal of registration) of the company? In our country - the authority of a district or city government.
Let us consider the latter two documents. In different countries, these documents are of different names. In our country, the document that defines the relationship between the company and the society of the future, called the charter company, and the document that defines the relationship between the members within the firm - the memorandum of association of the company. Development and approval of these documents - an important point for the establishment and registration of the company.
Charter
The statute is written:
♦ Who is the owner of the company. If more than one, they are called co-owners.
♦ Why create a company that is, what products it will produce or what services to provide.
♦ The authorized capital of the company and the share of each owner.
For example, when creating a company-all teaching
neg - so they have an equal share in the total capital of the company.
Memorandum of association
In the memorandum of association of the company is recorded, which control rules define themselves by the owners.
For example, in the memorandum can be written that all owners have equal rights in the discussion and decision-making that are important to the company, and such decisions can be made only with the consent of its owners. The memorandum of association set out the rules under which will share the profits that will bring the owners of the firm. Special rules also provides for a variety of situations in the life of the firm, for example, what happens in the event that one or more parties to decide to leave the firm.
Current account
Once the company is registered, the owners of a certificate of registration that allows her to industrial, commercial and other activities
Companies can go to the bank and open a bank account in the name of his company. The owners of the company have to do to make to your account the amount of money that is defined in the statutes of the firm as its capital. This amount is called the authorized capital. Now, customers of the company can pay with it for its products or services are not
cash and transfer money to her bank account. The same will be done and the very new company.
It is important to understand that from this point the owner and his company - not the same, the company comes into existence as if by itself. This means that the money that lie on its current account in the bank - not personal money of the owner or co-owner (unlike, for example, our accounts at the box office of the Savings Bank), and the money of the company, and you can use them, subject to certain rules. This means that if you sign a contract with any other company and violated its obligations, it can file a lawsuit, but not on you personally and to your firm.
In economics, there is a special term for this state of economic actors - of them say that they are legal entities. Entities are not only industrial and commercial firms, and even not the firm, and state and public organizations and institutions, such as schools.
3. Signs of differences in the size of firms:

• First, the company may differ drugotdruga / w.% Re / hshsh of factories, shops and other industrial and commercial units, the number of the working people, the number of manufactured goods or services (this is called the volume of production or the amount of work, or issues), the amount of capital invested in the business. Second, firms are diverse types of products they produce or services they provide. Recall the sectoral structure of the economy (Chapter 1). Eating), firms that specialize in the production of only one product or several products, but in the same industry. For example, a firm can produce a variety of cosmetics, or food, or sporting goods. Others produce a variety of products in the most various fields. This is usually large firms with many companies around the world.
For example, the major car companies in the U.S., such as the "Ford" and "Chrysler", produce computers and agricultural equipment, known Italian car company "Fiat" is the chemical industry, and the Japanese "Honda" in addition produces more cars and appliances (eg, refrigerators), and clothing. This phenomenon is called in the business diversification.
♦ Third, firms differ in how they Druten ownership.
We'll talk more about that. In the second chapter, you've already met with the concept of "property". Who owns the company? Tom (or those) who built or bought it, you answer. This is true, but it turns out that owning his own firm, and thus dispose of it can be different.
Ways to own property
Here is what are the main ways of ownership of the company:
Individual (or family), a private company. This is - the # old "form of organization of the company in the history of business.
In order to create such a company, the employer uses its own funds or funds of his family or can, say, take their friends. The owner is fully responsible for all the affairs of the company: making the necessary costs; independently disposes profit firms and covers of their funds debts and losses, personally makes all decisions relating to the activities of the company, such a company may close or sell it.
In the modern economy, such firms are usually small, though not necessarily to their size limited to members of the same family: in the individual firm may be employees.
Individual firms - a fairly common form of organization
business in the West, especially in services, and trade. These are small shops, cafes, hotels, motels. But they are also the most often "burn out", unable to compete majors. Even if the case of individual firms are successful, it is unlikely that it will ever become a large firm, without changing the shape of the organization. The reason is that the money one, even well-to-do family is not enough to build a large-scale production. Hence, there is no possibility for the rapid growth of the company and the "struggle" with the competition.
However, entrepreneurs have a way to increase the flow of funds to the firm and to expand business by others, improper means. To do this, first of all, you can take the credit, and secondly, a number of "individuals" can unite and form a partnership.
In a partnership, a partnership can combine a few people or businesses. For this, they enter into an agreement.
The establishment of such firms, each member of the partnership is making money, which is called the contribution (or shares). Together, the contributions of the share capital of the company.
Relations between members of the partnership can be different: in full
partnership (or a partnership with unlimited liability), all participants are fully responsible for the affairs of the company. This means that if the company will suffer great losses, each participant it may have to reimburse the company for an amount far greater than his own contributions. Into a limited liability company owners are responsible for the affairs of the company and obligations only to the extent of their contribution. Hence, if the firm goes wrong, they can lose the amount of money is not greater than that which made when creating it.
Partnership - the more "promising * form of business organization than the individual firm. For such companies more money, which it can invest in business to increase the scale of production. Larger production more profitable, so there are new opportunities for further growth of the company.
A public company. Company as a partnership can be created by several people or firms. The owners of the company are called shareholders.
Entrepreneurs who have decided to create a company issue shares. Action - is a security bearing the cost of her (it's called nominal) and the company name. Shares offered for sale, and each person who buys share, thus making contributions to its capital and became a shareholder that is a co-owner of the company. Deposit amount of the shareholder (or shareholder, as it is called) is called shares. If this amount is large enough to provide a shareholder practices
cally the sole control of the company, it is called a controlling interest. If a company has a lot of small shareholders, to obtain a controlling interest may be sufficient to purchase less than half of the shares.
Why do people buy stocks? The shareholders are entitled to receive part of the profits of the firm. This part is called the dividend, and its value depends on the firm's profits and the value of shares. The greater the stake holders, the more dividend.
Manages the affairs of the company Board of Directors headed by the Chairman, as a rule, are the largest shareholders of the company. Each year the Board of Directors shall convene all the shareholders at a general meeting. Shareholders to discuss the firm and decide what portion of the profits used to pay dividends to shareholders, and which to expand and develop production.
Company, up to the individual companies and associations, has the greatest opportunity to raise capital and expand production. Why firms almost always want to do that? The answer to this question can be found in the next section.
State and municipal companies. These firms differ from the first three in that they do not belong to one or more people and the state, or city, or district.
State firm created by the State. Money belonging to the state, called the state budget. It is formed and replenished by taxes paid by the state all firms, organizations and institutions of the country, as well as population. The funds that the state invests in the creation of the company, called the budget allocations.
Municipal company formed by means of the city or region, the funds allocated for her city or district authorities from local budgets.
State and municipal firms may be sold to private ownership. Sometimes the workers themselves partially redeem the firm, in which case they become collective owners.
State and municipal firms can also be rented to individual entrepreneurs or teams of workers. In this case, the firm does not become the property of the tenants, the latter concluded with the State or local government lease, stating the lease and the rent, which the company is obliged to pay to the state. Tenants will own the products of the company and income received from its sale.
In business, there are also different forms of association of firms - the unions, associa-
dissociation, and concerns. For such networking company (public or private) enter into an agreement and develop charter association. In these documents, the company - founders of the association agree on what tasks they will decide together.
For example, several similar firms may join a union or association to create a common information service or to share training firms. As concerns usually the "center" will convey a number of tasks related to the management of one of the parties to the business activities of firms participating, such as all foreign trade and foreign exchange.
4. The questions that the entrepreneur decides:

What?
What products will make your company, what services to provide? Will it be a sweet shop, a bike repair shop, the videotapes?
Imagine this situation. In one not so fine morning all business in your city or area suddenly decided not saying a word, to do the same thing. After a while, all the shops in the area are bakeries, and there is a huge amount of hair salons, or, say, electrical shops are full of irons and vacuum cleaners. Is it possible?
Remember, as mentioned at the beginning of Chapter 1. Economy exists to serve the needs. Then you meet with the concepts of supply and demand.
When an entrepreneur creates a new business or already operating company is going to develop a new product or service, it must first of all have a good idea of ​​what he will do. In other words, it must identify the potential consumer soego product or service. How great is the need for them in the market will demand. If the product is in demand, then the entrepreneur made the right decision.
Businessmen say that the company should focus on the market. How could "guess" the needs of the consumer in order to properly plan its activities? On this, the ways and methods of market research, we will discuss in more detail in Chapter 7, "Marketing *.

How much?
What will be the production of goods or services of the company? What is the size of capital, that is, the funds spent on equipment, machinery, computers? How much profit the entrepreneur expects to receive from the firm? These three issues are closely related. The size of the capital of the company depends on the outputs and profits depend on both of them. The magnitude of the profit depends how much additional money can be invested in the business and how much to increase its size.
In Section 3.3. etoyglavy we talked about the size and growth potential of different types of firms. Whether the firm is always looking to increase their scale?
Small firms exist and will exist, they are more at risk, but they are still a lot in the business world. The need for a small company can often be dictated by the demand for its products and services, or individual business needs.
For example, in a quiet provincial, unremarkable town does not need a huge hotel, but rather a small hotel. Or the owner of a small cafe can be proud that there are several dozen regulars and knows them all by name, and does not dream of a great restaurant.
Yet most companies seeking to expand their production if the market allows. The fact is that with the growth of the company and increase revenues, and, of course, the costs, but revenues are growing faster. This means that the cost per unit of production are reduced. Thus increasing the profits derived from the sale of each unit of production. Hence, the total amount of income will also increase.
Where?
Where is the best positioned company in the center of the city or on the 'edge? And maybe in the countryside? In the north or the south?
Sometimes it happens that we have no choice and there is only one solution to this problem, at least for today. But if we do have the ability to choose the location of your company, what factors are taken into account by solving the problem of locating production iplstva?

The importance of travel insurance, and how to calculate

The holiday season is in full swing. Rostov went abroad, considering the health insurance as a mere formality, limited minimum cover - 15 thousand dollars. However, in practice, this is not sufficient

The vast majority of tour operators already has cooperation agreements with the insurance companies and the cost of the policy previously laid in the tour package. In this case, standard policy provides, as a rule, only the minimum insurance coverage set by the country. So, for most European countries - is 30,000 euros, and for the same in Turkey and Egypt, where the need for travel insurance is not fixed by law, the recommended amount is 15 thousand dollars. In trivial situations the minimum coverage of 15 thousand dollars is enough. The most common insurance claims - gastroenteritis, ear infections, minor injuries. More than 70% of the cases - the disease of children, whose bodies perform worse with the change of climate, water and so on.
Basic coverage, most insurers provide, above all, emergency medical care, essential drugs, medical evacuation and repatriation in case of death. However, these funds may not be enough to return home seriously ill traveler, dental care, costly diagnosis and treatment. As practice shows, the minimum insurance must be not less than 30 thousand dollars. For smaller amounts of coverage in case of adverse events likely that the victim will have to pay for medical services is high. In some cases, insurers insist on even more surfaces: to travel to the United States, Canada, Australia and New Zealand, where medical services are very expensive. Such as medical consultation can cost up to 1500 dollars, the insurance The recommended amount is 100 thousand dollars.
In this insurance with extended list of risks is not essential to appreciate the policy. Thus, the minimum insurance coverage for Egypt and Turkey, would cost $ 0.5 per day, for the EU - about 1 euro per day. The inclusion of additional options will increase the policy cost by 20-30%. In other words, the rise in the cost of insurance is calculated only tens of rubles. But this difference turns serious advantages. To basic health services added and visit relatives, and early return, and legal assistance, and, if necessary, the proper treatment until they are cured.
In any case, the cost of travel insurance is influenced by a range of factors: the amount of insurance coverage, trip duration, age of the insured, type of holiday, the situation in the country, the price tura.Kastati on these points is expanded all your future holidays to see what nuances to reflect insurance.
The insurance amount is compared with the level of prices for medical services in the host country. Understandably, for Turkey and 30 thousand dollars will suffice, but for 100,000 U.S. dollars - at least. It is important that all the days of your holiday are included in the policy, including the day of departure and the day of arrival. If a tourist is more than 65 - in the policy must be provided to the items that will cover treatment of exerbations of chronic or sudden ill health and surgery. If rest is associated with an active sport (skiing, scuba diving, camels, water parks, and so on) - is required to consider when applying for insurance. Otherwise, a broken arm in the water slide will not be considered an accident. Risk of tsunamis, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, revolutions and so on should also be reflected in the document. And the cost of the tour will help you estimate how much your insurance will cost. Usually a medical policy from 2% to 6% of the tour price, plus 20-30% for advanced options.
As for the use of the policy, the main mistake that the majority of Russian tourists, the so-called violation of the "rules of the first call." When a tourist does not go to the service company immediately, and initially causes a local doctor. As a result, the insurer has the right to withhold payment of treatment because not all insurers are allowed to treat yourself to a doctor or negotiated maximum amount of the bill for the consultation of doctor.

The importance of insurance in bodybuilding

Many of the course (and who does not even know) that a good "tune my * the 'pledge of progress, and insurance against injury (though certainly not 100%)! That's why suggest reading rate of the young podstrahuya. Be aware of how to insure, and more importantly, be aware of how you should properly insure. biggrin.gif Not so long ago, when the workout bench visited me (yet again) the idea, "I called fucking help. wish to find more experienced athlete ..." Is not difficult to understand, it was addressed to a colleague down the hall, which is kindness I agreed to insure. But, alas, our notions of "help" are so different that the exercise was probably ripped off than doing faithfully and accurately. 'm sure a similar situation faced by any fan of the "iron game." Often, a good quality insurance becomes a real problem and that it will be addressed in this article. Why insurance Perhaps many of you are indulgent chuckle, "Ha, insurance! also my problem.'s not the key to success!" Grin, and they are right. Success - not the case. However, without proper care will never achieve full "study" of muscles in certain exercises. And so popular cheating means of help from the outside. Sometimes we help someone in class or ask for help without thinking about how best to do it, could not help reducing the effectiveness of our efforts. essence of the problem to get started is to strictly distinguish between the two sides of the wrong insurance - it's a mistake not only an assistant, and the athlete. The latter should not be forgotten that he agreed to help the person most likely not psychic and do not know exactly what is required of him. While one needs help at a slow pace for maximum effect Pumping, other important preservation of the common rhythm of movement. So if the person you ask for help, not your regular training partner then try to clearly and concisely explain to him what is required of him. First of all - what style should help. As I already wrote - someone needs help in 3-5 last rep at a slow pace to achieve complete muscle failure. However, people working in the force style often prefer to be helped by keeping the total, is fast ("explosive") rhythm of movement. Or no help, but only to hedge, clearing the bar if the last movement will not succeed. tell in advance how many reps you are going to do and what repetition seek help. This will save you from having to watch as the hapless assistant yawns while you stomps barbell. If you do the exercise for 3-4 repetitions when it counts for 10-12 reps help can turn into a rescue. Insurance But the primary responsibility, of course, lies with the belayer. I'll try to note the principal, in my view, points that should be given to people who expressed willingness to help colleagues. First of all be clear about exactly what you have to do exactly the same as the athlete needs to explain what he wants, and you do not must rely on the fate of Providence, and that "will make the curve", and clearly understand how to help and when. If a person does not tell yourself, then ask yourself this question - "When the help is and in which the rhythm?" This will save you from having to guess along the way when and how to connect. You must be prepared to assist a second before a person takes up post from the moment that your "mente" took up exercise of the responsibility for the success of his case rests on you. As well as (and most importantly) the responsibility for his possible injury. If you are asked to insure, when the beginning of exercise, you should not talk to your friends, drink vodicku not make notes in the notebook and monitor the person and be ready at any moment to come to the rescue. Moreover, if the athlete is often sees that his fear of his own affairs, and even if he is really willing to help, it's like an athlete can be distracting and not to focus entirely on the exercise. If he was going to shake the bar 12 times - there is no guarantee that it does not "crush" is for 5-6 repetitions. If you miss this point and not be able to properly help, instead of the "downtrodden" muscle man gets half somehow an exercise. And that's part will be your fault. But the most unpleasant as dumbbells and barbells are the property sometimes the most unpleasant way to slip out of the hands - and then you will need all your attention to prevent injury. Hands off the bar! touch the projectile is only necessary moment of direct aid. If an athlete does bench press, it is not necessary to hold the post, with the negative part of the movement. Quite simply hold hands under the barbell at some distance from it, indicating willingness to help at any time. If you touch the rod - for the athlete mentally, this will mean the removal of a load of ammunition. It is sometimes distracting and interfere. Believe me. Just try to follow a simple rule - if the negative part of the movement (lowering the bar in the bench press, etc.) leave your ward movement without touching the shell and help - only in the active phase. Attention, attention, and once again the attention of most important thing in the insurance - not miss the time when you need to start helping. Returning all to the same example with the bench press - if the bar "rose" and you begin to help, when the person does not raise it, and holds - you're late and failed in their task. The most important thing - to keep the dynamic functioning of the muscles to slowly but they overcame the weight of the projectile. The moment when a person "gets" and can not move it up an inch - starts the inevitable downward spiral. But its something to avoid and undesirable. You should watch for a partner and start helping immediately once realize that it does not cope with the weight. In this case, I repeat - be very careful - often people even if slowly, the last effort, but winning weight. And if you're at this point pulls to the bar, too early to start to help, only to distract him with the words, "I myself." Here you can navigate to the following: if a person is "pushing" in the first two thirds of the amplitude of motion, most likely have to start helping. If in the last third of the movement, it is best not to rush. Exercise completed your colleague ended approach. But do not hurry to leave it - make sure it's set the bar on the rack. Especially it is important in the squat - one of the most difficult exercises. Athlete, weary load may well miss and put the bar a little past the pillars and the result is lamentable. Maybe you feel that I'm too picky about the fear. Or what I'm talking about is quite banal, obvious things. All this is true. But in my opinion, the man volunteered to help should be aware of the full measure of the responsibility incumbent on his shoulders. And with all these statements evidence of really good spotters very little. And finally, some small tips Never hesitate to ask for help. There is nothing worse than to give up a couple of repetitions out of fear that "crush" weight. This is particularly true in the squat - when you can be seriously injured if you overdo it with the load and can not stand up by himself. Pay attention to the weight with which the person will work and really evaluate their strength. Think - if you can cope with the 20-30% of the specified weight. At the last championships in Moscow had a bad case of a person pressed 260 kg, and fear set - green lads. As a result, people could not squeeze the weight, but for fear it is too heavy. As a result, not to be killed, the man was forced to throw off the bar on the unnatural path. As a result - torn chest muscle - a terrible trauma. So if you are after a hard exercise or feel that the weight does not "kick in the teeth," then politely refuse, explaining the situation. No shame in this, and the man, maybe you will save from the injury. Tatishchv Sergey. Source: Federation of Bodybuilding and Fitness Russia

How to allow the robot to Google to scan the contents of your AJAX-site

Optimizer  are often faced with a dilemma: on the one hand, by using AJAX loading content on a page can be done much faster and more convenient user interface, but on the other hand, these Web sites Google is difficult (or impossible) to index, and the use of the protocol index AJAX can significantly interfere poikovom  promotion website. To everyone's happiness, almost a year ago, the Google search engine offered a solution to this problem. First of all, this article is for those webmasters who are not fortunate enough to get a deal from Google. We will try to explain the principle of this method is accessible language and explain it on the example of a well-known site.
So, to start Google offers to make two versions of the content of the site - one for JS-users with the URL in the style of AJAX and the second - the content for search engines to a "normal" urlom.

Traditionally, the web developers used "concrete anchor" as part of the Internet address to AJAX websites (this is # - hash symbol and the text after it). If you click on one of the menu, you will notice changes in the address bar of your browser, the content with the page loads instantly. Of course, it's not bad for a user, but the search engines are experiencing some difficulties. To solve this problem, Google suggests using #! instead of #.


Protocol indexing AJAX


As soon as you or any other webmaster nachninaete use traditional heshbeng (#!) In the Web sites, Google search engine robot detects that you're using his protocol and interprets URL-address in a special way - the bot uses all that is after heshbenga as a parameter URL with the name _escaped_fragment_. Google then rewrites URL and request content from a static page. Below are some examples of protocol index AJAX:

• www.ldi.ru/ #! optimizaciya-saitov/prodvishenie-saita becomes www.ldi.ru/?_escaped_fragment = optimizaciya-saitov/prodvishenie-saita

• www.ldi.ru / users #! Name = AlexanderAnisimov becomes www.ldi.ru/users?_escaped_fragment_=name=AlexanderAnisimov


As you've probably realized if the static pages (in this example, the address on the right) display the same content, which will see an Internet user (the address on the left), then everything will work as it should.


It turns out that Google returns the index static URL, which is the right thing to do, because they do not want to hurt people who do not use Javascript, redirecting them to the page where the Javascript needed. For this purpose, the sites most likely will want to add Javascript, which will determine the users with Java and sends them to a page with improved AJAX.Vozmozhno, you will not like indexed URL-address parameter will contain "_escaped_fragment_". In fact, this can be avoided and make URL-address more attractive with a 301 redirect. Take for example the first of the options discussed above: www.ldi.ru/?_escaped_fragment = optimizer -saitov/prodvishenie-saita becomes www.ldi.ru / directory / optimizer -saitov / prodvishenie-saita

The "live" example

One of the best examples of this new technique can be a fairly large website - new version Twitter.Esli you are a registered user of microblogging service Twitter and you have Javascript , you can view the profile by clicking the following link: http://twitter.com / #! / AlexanderAnisimov

However, the Google search engine robot detects an Internet address in the new format and instead enters this: http://twitter.com/?_escaped_fragment_=/ AlexanderAnisimov

However, Twitter wants to maintain compatibility, and at the same time be attractive indexed URL-address, and therefore uses a 301 redirect: http://twitter.com/AlexanderAnisimov

If you are logged in user Twitter, the latter of the above as an example URL-address will redirect you to the first.

How do the American insurance company? Part 1

In the U.S., life is unthinkable without the kinds of insurance. With real estate, you need to pay a compulsory insurance, the same applies to the owners of vehicles. If the uninsured car is delayed police for a traffic violation, the owner will be fined a substantial amount for the lack of insurance, plus waiting for him fine for the violation. For Americans, it is also important to have health insurance. Some fear their lives, buy a variety of insurance and for our smaller brethren.
I want to tell you how the various insurance companies, if you all of a sudden something happened. As an example, I describe the incident in our Russian-American family. Get local law, I began to slowly learn the wisdom of driving. First I chose the road with not much heavy traffic, but then I had to drive my truck in the city. One day I drove my husband to the hospital, where he had a surgery. On the way back, upset, I was driving on the right lane in front of me very slowly moving bus. I'm tired of trail behind him, and I tried to move to the next lane. At this point, the bus braked and stopped, and I was beginning to maneuver. Naturally, I did not have enough space, I lightly touched the bus, the car right headlight was broken, dented fender, mirror was also damaged. I immediately pressed the brakes and stopped. Bus driver - a young Mexican woman - right up to me and asked if I need help. I said that to me, no problem, but why she stopped the bus, seeing that it is followed closely machine. It turned out that she "forgot" to look in the mirror, what's going on behind the bus. Mexican fast caused emergency commissioner bus company. A lady came very quickly, parked with flashing lights behind my car. Photographed the scene of the accident , questioned me and bus driver what happened. The two ladies took me on the bus, on the street because it was very hot and the air conditioner in the salon. Average commissioner called the police, that officers arrived to process the protocol. A police car came and a half hours. During this time we have to discuss the incident with the girls, talk about the weather, about their families and children. Police arrived separately interviewed the bus driver and me. Then the officer asked me to give him the car registration document, insurance for her and my driver's license . With these papers, he retired to his car to check the information on your computer. The car was registered in the name of my husband. I thought that the accident I do not shine, because I was at the wheel, and not her husband. Approximately 40 minutes later, police returned. Gave me the documents presented to the protocol , which I signed, he asked if I could go on this car home. I said yes. Then the policeman said they would send me a fine in the mail, and advised to contact the insurance company for obtaining insurance for car repairs. With these instructions, and I departed to his home. When her husband returned from the hospital, I told him everything and showed the wrecked car. Of course, this does not raise his joy, but I had to act. He called the insurance company, which was located in another state, and told about the incident. Then the officer of the insurance company asked me to phone. I told him that I prefer to speak in Russian, as I'm afraid that I can not understand some special words in the English language. After 5 minutes, I was granted Russian speaking translator online. I was warned that the conversation is being recorded. I repeated his version of the collision with the bus, told the Police and the protocol. At the end of the conversation, I was told that the insurance company will send to the house staff, who will assess the damage caused to the car. If we are going to rent a car during repair, the insurance company will pay for it too. I told him that we have a second car, and we do not need to rent another car. On our conversation was over. For me, it was surprising that the insurance company is willing to pay for car repairs, while I was driving, and it's not a real owner. A few days later I received in the mail the document to the amount of penalty to $ 160 for careless lane change, but in fact was guilty Mexican - bus driver. The husband told me that when there are accidents with public transport, it is always to blame for private drivers. It's the law. I could pay the fine, appearing in court, or by sending a check for that amount. I chose the latter option. A few days later we were visited by an appraiser from the insurance company, all inspected, photographed a couple of hours left in his car, where he had a computer and printer, and brought a few pages describing the damage, the cost of replacement parts or labor. Her husband looked at it all, checked and signed the documents. Note that the insurance agent was not interested document from the police. Leaving our home, it was recommended to us several garages where the car can be repaired. A week later we received from the insurance company a check for repairs. What happened next? We brought the car to the shop, where for a week she famously repaired: replace crumpled fender, headlight, put a new mirror and a new chrome running board. Old and new unused parts in the kit back to us. By the way, after about six months, we have sold a pickup truck and bought a new car.

My first investment

                                                              Protect your child
"To ensure a decent and secure the future of the child, to give a good
education and the opportunity to choose their own way of life
 - the main demand of these parents"


Take care of your children!
You love your kids! Is there one who would dispute this assertion? Exactly the same answer every child - I love my father, I love my mother! But what is expressed in our love for the children? Do we understand that they are totally dependent on us? That the welfare of our children depends on how well are we doing? What will happen to our children if we do things do not go the way we plan, or something happens to us?



Guarantee their children a future
Thrive healthy, independent and happy.
And it should always be! but many coincidences in life that can change our lives. You can do so that your children are protected and provided always, regardless of the state of affairs in your life !



Children accumulate funds for education
We would like to give their children a good education! Have you - how many today is education - tuition, plus 5 years of life? And when we begin to think about it? In most cases - when the child leaves school. Are we right to such costs? Is not it better to prepare for it in steps, beginning with the birth of a child? Take responsibility for your children's future life! Only you can secure their future financially! You can do this from invisible money! Or you are looking to the state? Do you believe that it will provide your children?

WHAT IS GOOGLE ADSENSE?

Google Adsense - is a program (a program in terms of participation), the search engine Google.

Search engine Google, as an advanced system that provides vebizdatelyam wishing to appear at the top of the search results, the ability to do it for the money (not spending their time and effort to optimize the site.)

That is, if a company wants to get to the first position in search results for search phrases "furniture" or "kitchen", she pays money to the search engine Google (through participation in the program


Google Adwords ), to a site that has put the company on the first page search results (to the right of it).

Thus, a user who is looking through the search engine Google and kitchen furniture on the relevant search phrases, will see in the search results of our company website, and possibly clicks on this ad, and gets on the website of our company (that she, in fact, necessary).

Everybody is satisfied:
- the visitor that he found the right site;
- companies that sell furniture, got a potential customer;
- Google earned it its coin.

If everyone is happy, then the system has a good potential for development.

And the search engine Google went on. She decided to expand the ad space, and decided to place ads of advertisers is not only in search results (on the pages), but also on other sites (by sharing their profits with independent vebizdatelyami).

 Google opened the program for the Google Adsense . Now every vebizdatel wanting to the pages of his website provides contextual advertising Google Adwords, can this program be placed on your pages Google Adsense code and wait for the income from Google.

Google pays vebizdatelyu on average, 50 percent of clicks.

Click can cost anywhere from a few cents to a few tens of dollars (the cost of a click depends on the advertiser competition for specific keyword phrases.)

In RuNet until much advertisers are willing to pay good money for the best seats in the search results. Considered good clicks, which may contribute vebizdatelyu 30-70 cents . On my site clicks occurred, which Google accrued me one dollar .

So that in RuNet can make good money in the program Google Adsense. Site with traffic 1000 hosts a day can have up to 200 clicks per day . Imagine what he would get clicks worth $ 1. Then this site is ideally can earn $ 200 a day . This is very bad!

Ideally, of course, the site gets a different cliques: the 2-3 cents and 15-16 cents, but for $ 1, too (as in my case).

But who sets limits traffic to your site and the number of your sites? You can have one site with traffic 1000 hosts per day, and may also have 10 sites with attendance of 100 hosts per day (by the way, in the second case, the result can be a lot of it up).

Therefore, there is no limit to your earnings!
Click link below for registration:
Google Adsense

You can get rid of the bank guarantee

A new immigrant from Russia who do not speak Hebrew, was forced to sign a guarantee for a mortgage with the bank Adam, and was not even familiar with those who gave the guarantee. Ten years later, the bank filed a lawsuit against her, demanding payment of the mortgage loan because the borrower does not pay on the loan.
After she sought the help of the Department of Legal Aid of the Ministry of Justice, the Court rejected the claim of the bank. About this story is reported today TheMarker.
The judge criticized the behavior of the bank: "It is unacceptable that a bank employee, do not speak Russian, gives the client who does not read or speak Hebrew, mechanically signed warranty documents without ensuring the understanding that it is signed and that this procedure means" - referred to in the judgment.
Woman, 63 years old, came from Russia in 1993. In 1996, she decided to buy an apartment in Beit Shemesh, and appealed to the mediator. Female real estate agent said that she will have to sign the documents for other customers who buy an apartment with it, and what other buyers to sign documents for her. Broker presented the issue as a matter of form.
Later broker invited a woman to the bank, where she was asked to sign the documents presented to it by an employee of the bank, which is not explained to her that she signed.
In 2007, against a woman filed a statement of claim, the bank demanded payment guarantees. The court rejected the claim of the bank, and demanded that the bank paid the woman 30,000 shekels in compensation costs.

What is bank guarantee?

Bank guarantee - the Bank's obligation to make payment to the recipient on a certain amount of assurance on presentation of a claim for payment under the terms of the guarantee (eg, in case of failure of his partner to its contractual obligations). A bank guarantee is a way to ensure the contractual obligations, but it is by nature independent of these obligations. This means that the Bank does not undertake any obligation to fulfill the terms of the contract, but guarantees to pay a specified amount in the guarantee to the recipient under the warranty. Unlike credit bank guarantee is not a form of payment, and is used only in the event that the principal has not fulfilled its obligations to the beneficiary.

Types of guarantees
There are several types of bank guarantees - payment, contract, tender, customs. For example, a payment guarantee is an obligation of the bank to cash payment upon presentation of the beneficiary demand for payment and other documents specified in the guarantee (unpaid bills, claims, judgments and so on). In turn, the tender guarantee or warranty for the bidding is to prevent the case where the bidder winning the auction, refuses to sign the contract. In particular, without a bank guarantee company probably will not be allowed to participate in international tenders.
The main purpose of refund guarantee is to ensure proper use of advances paid in accordance with the terms of the contract. Such advance payment guarantee shall be returned if the supplier or contractor fails to fulfill the obligations assumed. Finally, the performance bond protects the buyer from the improper performance of the contract - non-delivery of goods, failure to work or refusal of services in accordance with the terms of the contract on time.

Mineral premix Customix Minerals

Description

Fine powder

Composition

Zinc
Copper
Iodine
Iron
Manganese
Selenium
Carrier
Compliance pharmacopoeias

The ingredients used in the production of a mixture meet all the requirements of USP, Food Chemicals Codex and the European Pharmacopoeia tests are in accordance with the Pharmacopoeia.
analytical information on the possible deviations granted an additional request.
Parameters not listed in this specification (eg, color, taste , smell, bulk density, particle size, flowability) are not considered when the output quality control.

Stability / Storage

Sensitive to light, moisture and air. When stored in unopened original packaging at a temperature below 25 ° C recommended length of use of a mixture of 12 months from date of manufacture. The recommended use is indicated on the label.
Keep container tightly closed. Once opened, use within 8-12 weeks.

Application

For food fortification. Not intended for use in the production of sterile dosage forms. Recommended to check the stability of vitamins and organoleptic properties of the final product.

Safety
This product is safe when used as directed. You should avoid ingestion, inhalation of mist and direct contact of the product using the appropriate protective measures and personal hygiene.

Premix "Valetek" and "Kolosok"

Public policy objectives in the area of ​​healthy eating are the preservation and health promotion, prevention of disease due to inadequate and unbalanced nutrition.

The main tasks of the state policy in the field of nutrition are:

expansion of domestic production of basic food staples that meets modern standards of quality and safety;
the development of food products enriched with essential components, specialized baby food, product functionality, dietary (curative and preventive) of food and dietary supplements, including those for food in organized groups (labor, education, etc.);
development and implementation in agriculture and food industry in innovative technologies, including bio-and nanotechnology;
improving nutrition in organized groups, to ensure adequate nutrition of pregnant and lactating women and children under the age of 3 years, including through special feeding centers and shops, improving diet (curative and preventive) food in hospitals as an integral part the treatment process;
Development of educational programs for different groups of the population on healthy eating;
monitoring of the nutritional status of the population.
Organization of food production, enriches vitamins, minerals and other micronutrients faces several challenges, one of which - and the need for a uniform distribution throughout the mass of the final product of a small number of micro precisely leveled. This issue has been solved by using ready-made premixes given structure by the simultaneous introduction of vitamins, minerals and other components in the amounts and proportions as appropriate formula enriched product.

Adding premix is ​​the best from a hygienic and socio-economic terms means enrichment of food with micronutrients.

Premixes are homogeneous mixture of vitamins (D, K, B1, B2, B6, B12, PP, folic acid, pantothenic acid, biotin), antioxidants (C, A and E) and minerals (calcium, iron, and various trace elements) in set and ratios consistent with the objectives of enrichment and physiological needs of the human body, taking into account the structural features of nutrition and micronutrients these various groups.

As food carriers in premixes use different carbohydrates - sucrose, glucose, lactose, starch, maltodextrin, flour, chalk food and other relatively inert nutrients. Selecting a specific carrier usually determined by the nature enriched main component of the product, as well as considerations of safety, efficiency and operational safety.

Special attention to the development of premix formulation given to the use of special forms of vitamins depending on the goals and objectives of enrichment.

For example, for the vitamins that are used in trace (vitamin B12, biotin) developed special divorced 0.1-1.0%-s form a neutral medium. This increases the accuracy of application and facilitates the subsequent mixing of the components to a homogeneous distribution of premix.

Other vitamins used in the form of micro-encapsulated form, which provides protection against oxidation and micronutrient interactions with other components of the food system.

In some cases, the enrichment of the hydrophilic liquid products (drinks, juices, etc.) require water-soluble forms of fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K), and for fatty foods - fat-soluble form of water-soluble vitamins (ascorbyl palmitate). These forms of vitamins are widely used in special premixes for drinks and fatty foods.

Special forms of vitamin supplements used for direct tabletting of different biologically active supplements, others - for chewable tablets. Thus, the enrichment of foods should be implemented right choice of specific forms of vitamins and minerals.

Based on this study developed a series of vitamin and mineral premixes "VALETEK" for the bakery, confectionery, food concentrates, beverages and other products. Premixes "VALETEK" are dry bulk powder mixture containing vitamins B1, B2, B6, PP, folic acid, iron and / or calcium as a carrier used wheat flour or powdered sugar.

Long-term studies conducted by the company "Valetek Prodimpeks" together with the Institute of Nutrition, revealed the following obvious advantages of multivitamin and vitamin and mineral premixes for the production of enriched foods:

Use ready premixes significantly eases design and production of fortified foods, protects them from possible errors and invalid combinations in the preparation of recipes enrich
Manufacturer in this case would not need to buy each component separately enriching (and their number reaches 10 to 15 or more items), to the same risk that these components may be poorly consistent particle size, solubility, and a number of other indicators
At the same time greatly simplified enrichment technology, as it is reduced to a single transaction to make a lot of food products are prepared multicomponent mixtures and enriching instead of numerous individual sequential introduction of its constituent components enrich
Simplify the calculations and the weighing (one hinge multi premix batches instead of a large number of its components), which also significantly increases the accuracy of dosing of each of these components
The use of premixes, in which all components are thoroughly mixed and introduced to each other, provides a much more even distribution of weight across the enriched product than in the separate introduction of each of the components of an enrichment
Finally, the use of compounds, the composition of which is guaranteed by the manufacturer, allows you to control the process of enriching one - two components of the premix, while you make enriching individual components necessary to carry out analytical control over the uniformity of the distribution of each of them *).

We offer a local developments - vitamin and vitamin-mineral mix: " Valetek-1 "," Valetek-5 "," Valetek-7 "," Valetek-8 "and" Kolosok-1 . "

Compositionally, premixes adapted to food technology, as carriers contain powdered sugar or flour, that is, those components that are commonly used in the formulations of many food products.

The composition of the vitamin-mineral premix company "Valetek Prodimpeks"

Product	Components per kg
	Vitamins							Mineral substance
	A, i	C, g	B1, g	B2, g	PP, g	B6, Mr.	Folic acid mg	Iron, g	Calcium, g
Valetek-1	-	150	3.5	2.0	45	5.0	320	20.0	-
Valetek-5	-	37.5	0.9	0.55	11.5	1.3	85	5.5	220
Valetek-7	1.0	95.0	1.4	0.9	20.0	2.3	100.0	10.0	250.0
Valetek-8	-	-	0.9	0.55	11.5	1.33	85	5.5	192
Spike-1	-	-	20.0	18.0	180.0	20.0	2500	13.0	-

Field of application of vitamin-mineral premix company "Valetek Prodimpeks"

Product	TU	Number of sanitary-epidemiological conclusions	Carrier	Sphere of application	Packing	Consumption of 100 kg of premix material, kg
Valetek-1	TU9281-019- 17028327-09	77.99.57.928. D.007873.07.09 on 06/07/2009	Powdered sugar	Bakery and confectionery industry	0.5 kg	0.5
Valetek-5	TU9281-019- 17028327-09	77.99.57.928. D.007874.07.09 on 06/07/2009	Powdered sugar	Bakery and confectionery industry	0.5 kg and 5.0 kg for boxes	2.0
Valetek-7	TU9281-019- 17028327-09	77.99.57.928.5 D.007875.07.09 on 06/07/2009	Calcium carbonate	Grains, food concentrates	0.5 kg and 5.0 kg for boxes	1.0
Valetek-8	TU9281-019- 17028327-09	77.99.57.928. D.007876.07.09 on 06/07/2009	Wheat flour	Flour, bread and pastry	0.5 kg	0.5
Spike-1	TU9281-027- 17028327-09	77.99.26.009. T.000448.03.09 on 02/03/2009	-	Flour, bread and pastry	0.25 kg	0.025

Map symptoms

Select disturbing your symptoms and find out how serious your problem is.
information is for reference purposes, all issues should be discussed with the treating physician.

• The main symptoms of
 
• All symptoms

Man Woman

Complaint

• Pain in the face
• Pain in the neck
• Armache
• Scelalgia
• Headache
• Pharyngalgia
• Earache
• Stethalgia
• Abdominal pain
• Backache
• Bleeding
• Cerebrovascular accident
• Menstrual irregularities
• Pain in the anus
• Pain when urinating
• Cessation of breathing (apnea)
• Changes in lymph nodes
• Changes in stool
• Changes in urine
• Psychiatric disorders
• Convulsions
• The high temperature
• Cough
• Dyspnea
• Eating Disorders
• Skin rash
• Circulatory disorders
• Visual impairment and eye disease

Subtleties hypotension: as low blood pressure affects the quality of life

ypotension - no hypertension. It will not cause a heart attack. This view is shared by many. Including doctors

In fact, low blood pressure is not as harmless as it seems. Hypotension is fraught:

1. The worsening of the disease. Hypotension - a frequent companion of diseases of the optic nerve, thyroid, and adrenal glands (called Addison's disease, or bronze disease with very low pressure and the bronze color of the skin), central nervous system, respiratory system, and duodenal ulcer, hepatitis, cirrhosis liver , and anemia. Incidentally reduced pressure is below 100/60 mm Hg. column of men and 95/60 for women. If you have a constant pressure, mean arterial hypotension you have.

Not as secure as it seems at first glance, hypotension and cardiovascular system. Over the years, under constant pressure drop is the restructuring of the vessels. And gipotonikam is ... high blood pressure. Even a small increase in pressure is transferred to them almost as a hypertensive crisis. Treat such conditions is difficult. Appointing gipotonikam stabilizing pressure medications, the doctor is always walking on the razor's edge: the slightest miscalculation fraught sharp drop in blood pressure (collapse). And instant death.

2. Reduced quality of life. Provoked sluggish vascular tone their expansion slows blood flow, violating supply the brain with oxygen, reducing the ability of employers, causing dizziness , drowsiness, fatigue and even headaches.

Irritability, anxiety, sensitivity to cold, susceptibility to motion sickness in the transport and fainting turns life into a continuous agony hypotensive, breaking his character, imposing its painful impact on relationships with other people. It comes to serious neuroses.

3. Sudden fainting. Such trouble can occur in the wrong place, at the wrong time. Critical care and hypotension all closely related to each other. Severe blood loss, acute heart failure , shocks of various origins, heat stroke is always associated with a drop in blood pressure.

4. Lowering potency (in men). For professionals no longer a secret: low blood pressure and reduced sexual function - the links of one chain. Patients with inadequate blood flow (in fact, a vital and leading man's body in a "fighting" position) in the cavernous body of the penis, or with too fast its outflow are the largest group of those who are not capable of fulfilling sex life. Infographics "AiF Health"

Provokes hypotension: low physical activity, work in hazardous environments (underground, in conditions of high humidity and high temperature, prolonged exposure to low doses of ionizing radiation, microwave electromagnetic field exposure to chemical substances), professional sports, the wrong medications that lower blood pressure (neuroleptics, ganglia and blockers, nitrates and nitrites).

Gipotonikam makes life easier:

- Normalization mode and restful sleep;

- Special diet with a high content of potassium (potatoes, eggplant, cabbage, apricots, prunes), and  calcium and vitamin D;

- Massage, acupuncture;

- Tempering procedures;

- Herbal adaptogens, nootropics, cerebroprotector, antioxidants, anti-depressants prescribed by a doctor.

Diet for arthritis: is there a need?

Ongoing research and development do not give a definite yes, that arthritis can cure or alleviate the condition by removing from the diet, or vice versa, the addition of certain products. The exception is gouty arthritis.

A balanced diet that includes a variety of food four main groups, helps to maintain good overall health:

• Vegetables and fruits

• Bread and cereals

• Milk and dairy products

• Lean meats, poultry and fish

Try to limit the use of fat, salt, sugar, and there is plenty of fruit, vegetables, bread and cereals. All people of all ages is important to have a balanced content of calcium in the body is to prevent osteoporosis , which can cause fractures in the elderly, especially in women. This is even more important for people taking corticosteroids for a long time. Low-fat milk and milk products are preferable to use than products of whole milk.

Gout is the only form of arthritis in which the change of diet can be beneficial. Gout is common in New Zealand, particularly among indigenous Maori and Pacific Islanders. Some studies showed up to 10% of disease in the population of New Zealand men of mature age, but also in women the disease is common.

With gout should avoid eating offal (liver, kidneys, tripe, etc.) are also contraindicated alcohol, shellfish, peas, beans and lentils.

Wonder how

You can suggest a variety of treatment with diet, for example, the exclusion of acidic foods or foods of the nightshade family (tomatoes, potatoes, peppers , etc.)

If you really believe that any diet or individual product helps with arthritis, for a short time, so be it. However, if the improvement is based only on this belief, most of all, the symptoms soon returned.

About the use of vitamin supplements is best to consult a doctor, because the reception is good multivitamin complexes may be necessary. On the other hand, it is very common for people to take vitamins and if they really are not needed.

Fasting and cleansing diets are sometimes promoted as treatments for arthritis. There is no dokazatelctv any advantage of these diets. On the contrary, they can lead to malnutrition and serious health problems. Other diets are based on herbs, honey, vinegar, etc., but there is no scientific evidence that it helps with arthritis.

Many people with arthritis try to wear copper bracelets, suggesting that copper is absorbed through the skin and has a positive effect on the disease. However, there is no evidence in favor of the fact that these bracelets help, and against it.

Omega-3 fatty acid / gamma-linolenic acid

Preliminary studies have shown that a diet low in saturated fat and contain certain fish oils in the group of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (commonly found in cold water fish such as salmon, tuna, halibut) are expected to have an anti-inflammatory for arthritis. Gamma-linolenic acid is a type of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid found in evening primrose oil, black currant and corkscrew. These oils weaken the symptoms of arthritis.

Before taking any supplement, consult your physician. Admission supplements can have side effects and, in some cases, supplements affect the therapeutic effect of taking traditional medicines

Glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate

Glucosamine is a major component of the cartilage of the joint. Supplements derived from shells of shrimp, lobster and crab. Chondroitin sulfate is a component of cartilage, bones and tendons of man. Supplements are usually obtained from bovine trachea or pork products.

And glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate useful for arthritis. They protect cartilage from destruction, relieve pain and return mobility. These agents are part of a number of drugs and dietary supplements.

Weight control

Medical evidence suggests that people who are overweight are more likely to develop osteoarthritis. Excess weight leads to increased stress on the joints, such as knees and lower spine. Losing weight will not only relieve pressure on painful joints, but also increase your ability to training, and improve overall health. Weight loss also increases the likelihood of success in surgery for joint replacement. Lose weight (especially with a significant overweight or obesity) is better by a physician nutritionist.

Physical activity is an important factor in the problem of excess weight. Arthritis is important to choose the right exercise program to help you lose weight, and (if necessary), and increase joint mobility.

The best advice we can give - is to lead a healthy lifestyle and eat a balanced, reducing the consumption of sugar and fatty foods.

Unproven treatments

Promises a quick recovery and the miraculous effect of encouraging a person with a chronic disease. Most of the products advertised in this way, whether drugs, biologically active additives or medical devices can be, and is not harmful, but can be useless and expensive. To avoid falling into the trap, should consult with your doctor for any treatment for which they are considering.

Recommendations for Food and Nutrition

Every day, eat a variety of foods from each of the four major food groups.

• Vegetables and fruits at least 2 servings of fruit and three servings of vegetables, where the portion accepted: half a cup of cooked vegetables or one potato / apple of medium size.

• Bread and cereals at least 6 servings, which is a portion of one roll / bread or one cup of cooked rice

• Milk and dairy products, especially low-fat diet for at least two portions, where a portion is 1 cup of milk or 40g cheese

• Lean meats, poultry, fish, eggs, nuts or legumes 1 serving, namely, 2 slices of meat or finished one piece of fish (100 g)

• Prepare meals with minimal added fat (especially saturated fat) and salt

• Choose to eat cooked food, drinks and snacks that are low in fat (especially saturated fat) and salt and sugar

• Try to maintain a healthy body weight through a balanced diet and exercise.

• Each day, drink plenty of fluids

• drink alcohol in moderation

Anemia is a major public health problem in Kyrgyzstan

In Kyrgyzstan, the most prone to anemia children in the first years of life and women of childbearing age, especially during pregnancy. The basic cause of this disease is a low iron content in the daily diet.

Today, more than 50% of children up to 2 years revealed anemia, lack of vitamin A in the blood serum - in 19%, and low growth - at 11%.

"All of these diseases are due to the lack of children's access to foods that contain the necessary nutrients. And it is not only because the family has no money for such a meal, but also because of the low awareness of mothers about nutrition," - said the director of the National Center for Maternal and Child Kamchybek Uzakbaev.

Reduction of anemia in 2010, started with the support of UNICEF, the Swiss Red Cross and the "Soros-Kyrgyzstan" with a program to enrich the children's home food vitamin and mineral supplement "Gulazyk." It is an additive powder, which consists of iron, zinc, folic acid and vitamins A and C, to produce it in India. Currently "Gulazyk" get 227,034 children aged 6-24 months. An important feature of the program is the same integrated approach to health and development.